Just writing this in here as a sort of reminder to myself, and hopefully it could be of use to others as well. I always forget this. Whenever I'm very depressed I always tend to think in extremely black and white/absolute terms. It's always broad dark strokes across everything, and quite often it can help quite a bit to remind myself that in every aspect of life, there are NUANCES, bloody freaking liberatingly delicious nuances. Shades of gray, so to speak. I'm not necessarily a terrible person, or a hopeless fudge up - I fudged up this one thing (and maybe not even half as bad as I think myself), but I succeeded with all these other things that my depression discounts. I think I suck at social relations in general, yet over the course of the past week I've had meaningful conversations about life with at least 5 people I don't actually know that well. There's a massive tendency to think in black and white terms and discount the positives. I've always found David Burns's list of 10 common distorted thoughts to be really helpful. Here they are.
1. All-or-nothing thinking (a.k.a. my brain and the Vatican’s): You look at things in absolute, black-and-white categories.
2. Overgeneralization (also a favorite): You view a negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat.
3. Mental filter: You dwell on the negatives and ignore the positives.
4. Discounting the positives: You insist that your accomplishments or positive qualities don’t count (my college diploma was stroke of luck…really, it was).
5. Jumping to conclusions (loves alcoholic families): You conclude things are bad without any definite evidence. These include mind-reading (assuming that people are reacting negatively to you) and fortune-telling (predicting that things will turn out badly).
6. Magnification or minimization: You blow things way out of proportion or you shrink their importance.
7. Emotional reasoning: You reason from how you feel: “I feel like an idiot, so I must be one.”
8. “Should” statements (every other word for me): You criticize yourself or other people with “shoulds,” “shouldn’ts,” “musts,” “oughts,” and “have-tos.”
9. Labeling: Instead of saying, “I made a mistake,” you tell yourself, “I’m a jerk” or “I’m a loser.”
10. Blame: You blame yourself for something you weren’t entirely responsible for, or you blame other people and overlook ways that you contributed to a problem.
A great exercise, I've found, if I'm in a thought spin and can't get out of the depressive thoughts - are to write them down either on a piece of paper or in a Word document - then recognize the thought distortions (A thought like "I'm a total loser" is a very obviously distorted thought, for instance, but isn't necessarily easily spotted as such by the depressed), write down which distortions apply to them - and then, imagine that a friend of yours had these thoughts - what would you say to him? Chances are you'd be a lot more rational with a friend than with yourself. So next to a thought like "I'm a total loser and a fudge up" you could write down all the distortions first, then having looked at the distortions, write down a more realistic thought that puts a lie to the original thought, and be very specific, and also, imagining you're talking to a friend could be useful - "you're obviously not a complete loser, you just messed up this one thing, you don't always do that, you've succeeded with this and this, and these and these times weren't complete successes, but they weren't failures either - and no one succeeds all the time at everything, you were just having a bad day, and some other time, it will work" etc.
This brick really does work if you stick to it and work with it.
Although the title is extremely cheesy, I can wholeheartedly recommend this book - it's basically about self practising cognitive therapy, and it works if you do the work (the exercises in it). It's got some great success rates explained in the intro to the book. I'm working through it these days, and it's a great great tool. Spending a few hours reading this book has made a drastical difference here. I'm still recovering, obviously, but I can notice it working, my mind is clearer and more nuanced (there's that great word again).